Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia
McKinleyville, Humboldt County, California
28 August 2001
Joseph Morlan
Later we moved to the west end of School Road and took the trail south along the river bank where we were afforded much better views. The bird flew back and forth across the river several times and called. I kept the bird under observation about two hours, studying it and eventually obtaining excellent views.
The following description is based on notes made while watching the bird:
An obvious Tringa about the size and shape of adjacent Greater Yellowlegs, but with dull olive-green legs and a large white patch up the back. The rear end was very tapered, but there was almost no primary projection beyond the folded tertials. It fed actively bobbing its head and tail in the manner of the adjacent yellowlegs, but with more energy. Often the Common Greenshank would fly to a new location where it would forage alone but invariably the pack of Greater Yellowlegs, and one Lesser Yellowlegs would eventually follow suit.
The bird was in juvenal plumage, showing crisp buffy edges to the dark-brown or blackish centers of the wing coverts and tertials. This pattern differed notably from adjacent Greater and Lesser yellowlegs (see photo right; Lesser Yellowlegs is in front). The yellowlegs showed separate whitish wedge-shaped markings along the margins of these feathers, imparting a spotted appearance. The greenshank had the coverts fringed narrowly with buff, lacking the small spots evident on the yellowlegs. The tertials on the greenshank did have fringes made from small connecting saw-tooth markings, but this pattern differed from that of the yellowlegs in that the markings were continuous on the greenshank and not separated from each other. Also the markings were much smaller, so that from a distance, the "teeth" were not evident. The finely toothed pattern was visible only at very close range. Very faint dark cross-bars could also be seen on the tertials, but only at very close range. The lesser coverts were black and contrasted strongly with the white underparts.
The back and breast were suffused with a warm tawny-brown, compared to much colder grayer looking yellowlegs. The greenshank also showed a fairly obvious tawny patch on the sides of the breast.
The eye was dark, with a pale area over the eye extending to the bill. This pale area contrasted with a gray crown, which came to a point just above the forehead, forming a widow's peak. This was evident only when the bird was facing the observer. Otherwise, the head and the side of the necked were marked coarsely with diffused grayish streaks. Within the streaking, a few whitish streaks were evident on the side of the neck and nape. The fore-neck was whitish, blending with the diffuse neck streaking and the underparts were all white except for the buffy patches on the sides of the breast mentioned earlier.
The tail was white with narrow dark cross-bars at the tip. In flight the whole back appeared snow white, showing a dowitcher pattern. In flight underwings appeared dark with some white in the underwing coverts.
The bill was similar to Greater Yellowlegs, slightly upturned and with a relatively heavy gray base. However it appeared to be a little shorter and perhaps more blunt at the tip than the Greater Yellowlegs. The bird seemed slightly larger than some of the adjacent Greater Yellowlegs, and notably broader in the body than the yellowlegs.
The leg color was an easy feature to use to pick out the bird. The legs looked dark from a distance while the yellow color of the Greater Yellowlegs was very evident under almost all lighting conditions.
The bird called several times. Usually "tew - tew" with both notes the same, but sometimes "tew-tew-tew" with the last note slightly lower. Occasionally it gave a three-note call in which all three notes seemed the same. In general I thought the notes were slightly more mellow and more widely spaced than similar calls given by Greater Yellowlegs. This difference was mentioned to me by Jude Power in our telephone conversation that morning.
This is the first record of Common Greenshank for California. According to the AOU Check-List (7th ed., 1998) it is a rarebut regular spring migrant through the islands of Western Alaska (In June 1999 I saw three on the Pribilofs) and accidental in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. There is a prior sight-record, 30 August 1962 near Syracuse, New York which is regarded as hypothetical by Bull (Birds of New York State, 1976); and a questionable record by Audubon from Florida (AOU 1998). The McKinleyville bird appears to be the first record for the lower 48, documented by photographs.
The identification is relatively straightforward. Common Greenshank differs from the very rare Spotted Greenshank (Tringa guttifer) by its longer legs, duller underwings, and different calls. Spotted Greenshank is an Asian species unrecorded anywhere in North America. In all characters, the McKinleyville bird fits Common Greenshank.
A newspaper account of this sighting along with a great photograph is here. Additional photos by Sean McAllister and Ruth Sullivan are on my photo gallery here.