#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> // For strlen and strcpy

// An example of an "old C function" that expects a char* for modification
// even if it might not always modify it.

 void process_string(char* str)
 {
        if (str != nullptr) {
            std::cout << "Processing string: " << str << std::endl;
            // Simulate a modification if needed
            if (strlen(str) > 0) {
                str[0] = toupper(str[0]); // Modify the first character
            }
        }
}


int main() {
    // Case 1: Modifying a non-const string through a const pointer
    char buffer[50] = "hello world";
    const char* const_buffer_ptr = buffer; // A const pointer to non-const data

    // We need to const_cast to pass it to process_string
    // because process_string expects a non-const char*
    process_string(const_cast<char*>(const_buffer_ptr));
    std::cout << "After processing (Case 1): " << buffer << std::endl;

    // Case 2: Attempting to modify a truly const string (Undefined Behavior)
    const char* truly_const_string = "immutable"; // This data is in read-only memory
    process_string(const_cast<char*>(truly_const_string));
    std::cout << "After processing (Case 2): " << truly_const_string << std::endl;

    // Using const_cast here to call process_string, but modifying *truly_const_string
    // results in undefined behavior because the underlying object is truly const.
    // This is generally discouraged and can lead to crashes or unexpected results.
    // For demonstration purposes only:
    // process_string(const_cast<char*>(truly_const_string));
    // std::cout << "After processing (Case 2 - UB): " << truly_const_string << std::endl;

    return 0;
}