#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <string>
 #include <functional>
 #include <iostream>

 using namespace std ;

 class customSort1
 {
   public:
    bool operator()(int const& s1, int const& s2)
     {
        return s1 < s2 ;
   	}


 };

 struct Add {
     int operator()(int a, int b) const
     {
      cout << "Inside Add operator." << endl ;
      return a + b;
     }
 };


 int main()
 {
     //Using lambda in stl sort algorithm
     std::array<int, 10> arr1{5, 7, 4, 2, 8, 6, 1, 9, 0, 3};

     auto print1 = [&arr1](const string& rem)
     {
         for (auto element : arr1)
             std::cout << element << ' ';
         std::cout << ": " << rem << '\n';
     };

     sort(arr1.begin(), arr1.end());
     print1("sorted with the default operator<");

     auto customSort = [] (int const& s1, int const& s2) -> bool
       {
        return s1 > s2 ;
       };
     sort(arr1.begin(), arr1.end(), customSort);
     print1("sorted with the customSort ");


     //Inline
     sort(arr1.begin(), arr1.end(), [] (int const& s1, int const& s2) -> bool
       {
        return s1 > s2 ;
       });
     print1("sorted with the inline lambds ");


     //Using the built in functor "greater"
     //Signature of the greater is
     //template <class T> struct greater {
	 //  bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const;
     //};
     sort(arr1.begin(), arr1.end(), greater<int>() );



     //Use a custom functor object
     customSort1 customSort1Object ;
     sort(arr1.begin(), arr1.end(), customSort1Object );
     print1("Sorted with the functor object.");


     //Return statements can be implicit or
     //explicit.
     //Example of implicit return
     auto add = [] (int a, int b) {
 	  // always returns an 'int'
 	  return a + b;
         };
      cout <<  "add called:" << add(4, 5)  << endl ;

     //Explicit return statement
 	auto add1 = []  (int a, int b ) -> double {
 	  return a + b  ;

     };
     cout << "add1 called:" <<  add1(4, 6)  << endl ;


     //inline example
      // initialize vector of integers
 	  vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12};

 	  int even_count = count_if(nums.begin(), nums.end(),
 	  [](int num) {
 	    return num % 2 == 0;
 	  }   );

     cout << "There are " << even_count << " even numbers."
          << endl ;



    //Without using auto
    //A lambda is a functor object.
    function<void(int, int)> add2 = [] (int a, int b) {
     cout << "Sum: " << a + b << endl ;
     };

    add2(1, 2);

    Add add3Object ;
    //Assign a class object to a function object
    function<void(int, int)> add3 = add3Object ;
    add3( 10, 20 ) ;


}