Homework 6: Jackalope Populations

Objective: To use two loops in a program to calculate population growth.

This program is about an imaginary animal called a jackalope. Each generation, the jackalope population increases by 3% due to births and decreases by 1% due to deaths. Both the number of jackalopes who die and who are born will be rounded down (truncated) to an integer. See below for how to do this. So using a simple formula for calculating the number of jackalopes after a generation:

If you start with 200 jackalopes, then 3% more are born, increasing the number to 206. 1% of the 206 die, decreasing the number to 204.

If you were to start with 132 jackalopes, then 3 would be born (132 * 0.03 = 3.96, rounded down to 3) and of the 135, 1 would die, leaving us with 134 jackalopes. The following generation, 3% of the 134 would produce 4 births, and 1% of 138 would produce 1 death, leaving us with 137. Note that this isn't the same result as if we simply add 2% each year. Also notice that you need to add births first before calculating deaths.

The program should behave like this:

How many jackalopes do you have? 200
How many generations do you want to wait? 1
If you start with 200 jackalopes and wait 1 generations,
you'll end up with a total of 204 of them.

Do you want to calculate another population? y

How many jackalopes do you have? 132
How many generations do you want to wait? 2
If you start with 132 jackalopes and wait 2 generations,
you'll end up with a total of 137 of them.

Do you want to calculate another population? y

How many jackalopes do you have? 40
How many generations do you want to wait? 100
If you start with 40 jackalopes and wait 100 generations,
you'll end up with a total of 291 of them.

Do you want to calculate another population? n

Here are the rules and hints:

Your program should allow the user to repeat the calculations as many times as he or she wishes (as above)
To truncate a double variable to an integer value, use a type cast. For example:
```
  int i;
  double d = 3.6;
  i = (int)d;  // i now stores 3
  
```
Use named constants (using "final") for the birth and death rates of 3% and 1%.
You must test and demonstrate your program with the above 3 test cases (and others if you wish)
You should get the exact same answers as shown above. Most slight differences are caused by doing the calculations in a slightly different order/way. For example, population including new births must be used to calculate deaths.

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