I was astonished by the large number of these feral parakeets in the park. They are a cavity nesting species and there is fear that they may be usurping native obligate cavity nesters. A recent estimate of numbers (Pârâu et al. 2016) indicated that 10,100 individuals were established in the Netherlands. This is a female or immature, lacking the dark neck ring of the adult male. In agricultural areas they are not particularly welcome as they can become a serious pest foraging on grain and fruit. They are aggressive defenders of their nests and have been documented attacking and even killing Black Rats (Hernández-Brito 2014). This parakeet is popular in the pet trade often going under the name Neumann's Ring-necked Parakeet. It is native to India and parts of Africa but widely introduced elsewhere. Canon SX50 HS PowerShot.
References:
Hernández-Brito D, Luna A, Carrete M, Tella JL (2014) Alien rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) attack black rats (Rattus rattus) sometimes resulting in death. Hystrix Ital J Mammal 25:121–123.
Pârâu, Liviu & Strubbe, Diederik & Mori, Emiliano & Menchetti, Mattia & Ancillotto, Leonardo & van Kleunen, André & White, Rachel & Luna, Álvaro & Hernández-Brito, Dailos & Le Louarn, Marine & Clergeau, Philippe & Albayrak, Tamer & Franz, Detlev & Braun, Michael & Schroeder, Julia & Wink, Michael" (2016), Rose-ringed Parakeet Populations and Numbers in Europe: A Complete Overview. The Open Ornithology Journal 9:1-13
Wikipedia contributors. (2018, July 28). Rose-ringed parakeet. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:27, August 16, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rose-ringed_parakeet&oldid=852328113