Cells

               THE CELL

Membrane

     Structure

     Location

     Function
          Active Transport
          Passive Transport

Nucleus

     Membrane

     Nucleic acids

          DNA - Replication

          RNA - Transcription
     Bases
   
       Pyrimidines

               Cytosine
               Thymine
               Uracil

          Purines

               Adenine
               Guanine

     Chromatin granules

          DNA

          Histoproteins

     Chromosomes


     Nucleolus

          Transcription

          mRNA - Travels to ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

     Membrane

     Rough (r) - Ribosomes

     Smooth
     








Protein Synthesis

     Translation of mRNA

     Ribosomal sub-units
		Large an small grasp mRNA

     t-RNA 
		Clover leaf shape
		Anticodon on one end
	     Amino Acid receptor opposite

     Genetic Code

          One gene one protein

          Groups of three bases

          Combinations
			One position, four possibilities
                      4 x 4 x 4 = 64

          Code for

	         Amino acids
               Redundancy
               Punctuation

          Grouping A-T, G-C, (U)

Mitochondria

     Double walled

     Cristae internal      

     Power plants of the cell
     
     Unique self-perpetuating units
     
	Krebs citric acid cycle
     
		ADP + Pi -- ATP

Golgi apparatus

     Synthesis

     Packaging

     Secretion

Lysosome

     Enzymes

          Proteases

          Lipases

          Carbohydrases

          DNAase and RNAase

     Maintained in life

Pinocytotic Vesicles

     Vacuole formation

     Endocytosis

     Exocytosis

Centrosomes

     Non-membranous

     2 Centrioles

          Bundles of 

               Fibers

               Tubes (microtubules)

     Asters of mitosis

Cytoplasmic Matrix

     Matrix

          Microfibers

          Microtubules

     Cytoplasm

          Cellular liquid

          Dissolved 

               Organics

               Inorganics






Movement

     Cilia - from Basal Bodies

     Flagella - from centriole

     Amoeboid - Actin-Myosin type proteins





                             Mitosis

Cell Cycle 

  I .....G1 -- S -- G2 -- M -- G1 .....I

     | -- Interphase --|

     G - Gap or Growth

     S - Synthesis 

     M - Mitosis

     I - Interphase



Mitosis

     Prophase

          Nuclear membrane breaks down
          Chromosomes form and thicken
          Spindle fibers attach to
             Chromatids 
              (Duplicated chromosomes)

     Metaphase
          Pairs of chromosomes 
          Align at equator
     
     Anaphase
          Chromosomes separate
          Move towards opposite poles          

     Telophase
          Cleavage furrow around equator
          Nuclear membrane forms
          Nucleolus forms