A14          

Study Questions Chapter 10,
M. J. Malachowski, Ph.D

Study Questions - Heart and Circulation



  1. Trace the path of a drop of blood in a complete circuit around the body and lungs. Start anywhere. Include all of the following structures:
    AortaPulmonary arter
    Aortic semilunar valvePulmonary vein
    ArteryArterioles
    Pulmonary semilunar valveSomatic capillary bed
    Right atriumPulmonary capillary bed
    Right ventricleLeft atrium
    Superior vena cavaInferior vena cava
    Left ventricleRight A-V (tricuspid) valve
    Left A-V mitral, bicuspid valveVenules and veins

  2. Explain how the body regulates heartbeat.
    • You should consider the pacemaker system,
    • Starlings' law, and the
    • homeostatic reflexes of the medulla.

  3. Summarize the events of the cardiac cycle.
    • You should consider contractions and filling of the atria,
    • opening and shutting of the A-V valves,
    • contraction and filling of the ventricles, and
    • opening and closing of the semilunar valves.
    • What is the timing of these events in a heart beating 75 times per minute?

  4. Explain how the body would attempt to compensate for severs loss of blood.
    • Consider the adjustment of blood pressure and tell how this is accomplished.
    • Where and how is the remaining blood distributed?
    • Describe briefly the responses of the interstitial spaces,
      • kidney,
      • thirst center, and
      • platelets.

  5. Compare and contrast:
    • arteries,
    • capillaries, and
    • veins.
    Include the following points:
    • location relative to the heart,
    • location relative to the body surface,
    • general structure,
    • pressure,
    • speed of flow,
    • presence or absence of pulse, and
    • two functions for each type of vessel.

  6. Describe the anatomy and purpose of the portal system.
  7. Explain what happens within the heart (or brain) when someone suffers a heart attack (or stroke). What are some of the risk factors associated with heart attacks?
  8. How does the anatomy of fetal circulation differ from postnatal circulation? How does fetal hemoglobin differ from adult hemoglobin? Why are such differences necessary?












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Updated 11/22/04 Miko Dr. Malachowski @ CCSFt