A14
Study Questions Chapter 17,
M. J. Malachowski, Ph.D
Study Questions - Respiration
- Why is respiration necessary?
- What is meant by external respiration?
- Cellular respiration?
- Which is more essential to survival?
- Know the location, structure, and function of the following organs:
| nose | mouth | epiglottis | lungs |
| sinuses | larynx | visceral pleura | pharynx |
| trachea | parietal pleura | eustachian tube | adenoids |
| bronchi | diaphragm | tonsils | bronchioles |
intercostal
muscles | abdominal
muscles | alveoli | |
- Briefly describe the major protective mechanism of the respiratory system against blockage and disease.
- What is meant by surface tension?
- Why is surface tension essential between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
- Why is it undesirable inside the alveoli?
- What is a surfactant?
- What is meant by:
- atmospheric,
- thoracic, and
- intrapulmonary pressure?
- What is the rule describing air flow between areas of different pressure?
- How is breathing accomplished? Explain by describing:
- the movements of the respiratory muscles and organs
- the changes is pressure which are produced
- the resulting flow of air during both inspiration and expiration
- Define:
- tidal volume
- vital capacity
- residual air
- Expiratory reserve
- inspiratory reserve
- total capacity
- Describe how oxygen is transported by the blood.
- What factors influence the association and dissociation of oxygen and hemoglobin?
- Why is carbon monoxide such an effective respiratory poison?
- How is carbon dioxide carried by the blood?
- What is the relationship between carbon dioxide and blood acidity?
- How is this acidity regulated?
- How do the following contribute to the control of respiration?
- Respiratory centers
- conscious control
- lung stretch reflexes
- hyperventilation
- oxygen & CO2 levels in the blood
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