Chapter#05

A "lecture on the mechanics of the universe." The four bodies of man and their relationship to different worlds. Final Version #1

Major ideas:(1) The ray of creation. I think of it as Esoteric Cosmology. The current scientific understanding is that the universe was born in an enormous explosion, called the Big Bang, about 14 billion years ago. This is when time, space, matter, and energy are born. This is a scientific theory. Scientific theory is a model. This is the current "model" of the universe. A modelis a concept and only exists in our mind. The physical universe, however, exists regardless of the model. The Univers is not an idea. The Gurdjieff's model (Esoteric view) gives a different picture of the universe than the current scientific model does, but thismay not be a real conflict. Gurdjieff says the Universe is alive and eminates from the Absolute. But what are we to make of that? (2) The four bodies of man.(See also chapter #2) (3) A Universal language, (4)the Last Supper a different interpritation.
Richard's usual sayings:"We're a 500-billion-dollar machine, but we need to upgrade the software. our software is too old! He also used to say "Pace yourself; don't grind your gears, but sometimes you have to crack the whip and tell yourself "There must be more to life than this." Do you have anything worthwhile to live for? Transform your dream into Reality and ask yourself at the same time "What am I suppose to do here?" But dissapointment is neccessary. This is not science rather it is some kind of art. He said "Life is a day and a night, so some work must be done at night. Again ask yourself, "Am I just killing time here or what?"
Objectives(Celok): Suggestions by Gurdjieff, The methods by Richard Liebow:

Formulate aims.
Do not express unpleasant and negative emotions.
Do not identify.
Do not internally consider, externally consider always.
Do not lie.
Minimize unnecessary talking.
Work against imagination.
Observe yourself.
Learn to suffer.
Remember yourself.
And most importantly---Verify everything for yourself always and everywhere.

Outline Points
A "lecture on the mechanics of the universe." The ray of creation and its growth from the Absolute. A contradiction of scientific views. The moon as the end of the ray of creation. The will of the Absolute. (You can only full fill your own will, not somebody elses) The idea of "miracle." Our place in the world. The moon feeds on organic life. The influence of the moon and liberation from the moon. Different "materiality" of different worlds. The world as a world of "viabrations." Viabrations slow down proportionately to the distance from the Absolute. Seven kinds of matter. The four bodies of man and their relations to different worlds. Where the earth is. The three forces and the cosmic properties of matter. Atoms of complex substances. Definition of matter according to the forces manifested through it. "Carbon", oxygen", "nitrogen", and "hydrogen". The three forces and the four matters. Is man immortal or not? What does immortality mean? A man having the fourth body. The story of the seminarist and the omnipotence of God. Talks about the moon. The moon as the weight of a clock. Talk about a universal language. Explanation of the Last Supper.

Notes:
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Born in Weil der Stadt, Württemburg, in the Holy Roman Empire of German nationality. He was a sickly child and his parents were poor, but his evident intelligence earned him a scholarship to the University of Tübingen to study for the Lutheran ministry. There he was introduced to the ideas of Copernicus and delighted in them. In 1596, while a mathematics teacher in Graz, he wrote the first outspoken defense of the Copernican system, the Mysterium Cosmographicum. Kepler's family was Lutheran and he adhered to the Augsburg Confession a defining document for Lutheranism. However, he did not adhere to the Lutheran position on the real presence and refused to sign the Formula of Concord. Because of his refusal he was excluded from the sacrament in the Lutheran church. This and his refusal to convert to Catholicism left him alienated by both the Lutherans and the Catholics. Thus he had no refuge during the Thirty-Years War. The Holy Roman Empire of German Nationality at the Time of Kepler Kepler was forced to leave his teaching post at Graz due to the counter Reformation because he was Lutheran and moved to Prague to work with the renowned Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe. He inherited Tycho's post as Imperial Mathematician when Tycho died in 1601. Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. In 1609 he published Astronomia Nova, delineating his discoveries, which are now called Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion. And what is just as important about this work, "it is the first published account wherein a scientist documents how he has coped with the multitude of imperfect data to forge a theory of surpassing accuracy." (O. Gingerich in forward to Johannes Kepler New Astronomy translated by W. Donahue, Cambridge Univ Press, 1992), a fundamental law of nature. Today we call this the scientific method. In 1612 Lutherans were forced out of Prague, so Kepler moved on to Linz. His wife and two sons had recently died. He remarried happily, but had many personal and financial troubles. Two infant daughters died and Kepler had to return to Württemburg where he successfully defended his mother against charges of witchcraft. In 1619 he published Harmonices Mundi, in which he describes his "third law." In spite of more forced relocations, Kepler published the seven-volume Epitome Astronomiae in 1621. This was his most influential work and discussed all of heliocentric astronomy in a systematic way. He then went on to complete the Rudolphine Tables that Tycho had started long ago. These included calculations using logarithms, which he developed, and provided perpetual tables for calculating planetary positions for any past or future date. Kepler used the tables to predict a pair of transits by Mercury and Venus of the Sun, although he did not live to witness the events. Johannes Kepler died in Regensburg in 1630, while on a journey from his home in Sagan to collect a debt. His grave was demolished within two years because of the Thirty Years War. Frail of body, but robust in mind and spirit, Kepler was scrupulously honest to the data. A List of Kepler's Firsts:(1) First to correctly explain planetary motion, thereby, becoming founder of celestial mechanics, (2)and the first to identify "natural laws" in the modern sense; being universal, verifiable, precise. In his book Astronomia Pars Optica, for which he earned the title of founder of modern optics he was the: (3)First to investigate the formation of pictures with a pin hole camera; (4)First to explain the process of vision by refraction within the eye; (5)First to formulate eyeglass designed for nearsightedness and farsightedness; (6)First to explain the use of both eyes for depth perception. In his book Dioptrice (a term coined by Kepler and still used today) he was the: (7)First to describe: real, virtual, upright and inverted images and magnification; (8)First to explain the principles of how a telescope works; (9)First to discover and describe the properties of total internal reflection. In addition his book Stereometrica Doliorum formed the basis of integral calculus. (10)First to explain that the tides are caused by the Moon (Galileo reproved him for this). Tried to use stellar parallax caused by the Earth's orbit to measure the distance to the stars the same principle as depth perception. Today this branch of research is called astrometry. (11)First to suggest that the Sun rotates about its axis in Astronomia Nova (12)First to derive the birth year of Christ, that is now universally accepted. (13)First to derive logarithms purely based on mathematics, independent of Napier's tables published in 1614. (14)He coined the word "satellite" in his pamphlet Narratio de Observatis a se quatuor Iovis sattelitibus erronibus Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion Kepler was assigned the task by Tycho Brahe to analyze the observations that Tycho had made of Mars. Of all the planets, he predicted yhat the position of Mars had the largest errors and therefore posed the greatest problem. Tycho's data were the best available before the invention of the telescope and the accuracy was good enough for Kepler to show that Mars' orbit would precisely fit an ellipse. In 1605 he announced The First Law: Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus. The figure below illustrates two orbits with the same semi-major axis, focus and orbital period: one a circle with an eccentricity of 0.0; the other an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.8. Circular and Elliptical Orbits Having the Same Period and Focus Prior to this. In 1602, Kepler found from trying to calculate the position of the Earth in its orbit that as it sweeps out an area defined by the Sun and the orbital path of the Earth that the radius vector describes equal areas in equal times. (The Second Law) Kepler published these two laws in 1609 in his book Astronomia Nova. For a circle the motion is uniform as shown above; but in order for an object along an elliptical orbit to sweep out the area at a uniform rate, the object moves quickly when the radius vector is short and the object moves slowly when the radius vector is long. On May 15, 1618 he discovered The Third Law: The squares of the periodic times are to each other as the cubes of the mean distances. This law he published in 1619 in his Harmonices Mundi . It was this law, not an apple, that lead Newton to his law of gravitation. Kepler can truly be called the founder of celestial mechanics. Also, see the article on "Kepler and Mars - Understanding How Planets Move" by Edna DeVore.

**People and Events Contemporary to Kepler (1571-1630)**
Nicolas Copernicus 1473--------1543 De Revolutionibus by Copernicus 1543 Tycho Brahe ....................1546------1601 Galileo Galilei .................1564---------1642 William Shakespeare .............1564------1616 Johannes Kepler ................1571------1630 Defeat of Spanish Armada .............1588 Supernova occurred and named for Kepler....1604 Discovery of Australia by William Janszoon.1606 Jamestown established .....................1607 Telescope invented by Johann Lippershey ...1608 King James Version of The Holy Bible ......1611 Thirty Years War ...........................1618--1648 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth ................1620 Dutch bought Manhattan for $24.00 ...........1626 Taj Mahal built................................1632-45 Harvard College founded .......................1636 Isaac Newton ....................................1642-1727 Reign of Louis XIV ..............................1643

Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), German-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity and for his bold hypothesis concerning the particle nature of light. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century.
Einstein’s third major paper in 1905, “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, ” contained what became known as the special theory of relativity. Since the time of the English mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton, natural philosophers (as physicists and chemists were known) had been trying to understand the nature of matter and radiation, and how they interacted in some unified world picture. The position that mechanical laws are fundamental has become known as the mechanical world view, and the position that electrical laws are fundamental has become known as the electromagnetic world view. Neither approach, however, is capable of providing a consistent explanation for the way radiation (light, for example) and matter interact when viewed from different inertial frames of reference, that is, an interaction viewed simultaneously by an observer at rest and an observer moving at uniform speed. In the spring of 1905, after considering these problems for ten years, Einstein realized that the crux of the problem lay not in a theory of matter but in a theory of measurement. At the heart of his special theory of relativity was the realization that all measurements of time and space depend on judgments as to whether two distant events occur simultaneously. This led him to develop a theory based on two postulates: the principle of relativity, that physical laws are the same in all inertial reference systems, and the principle of the invariance of the speed of light, that the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant. He was thus able to provide a consistent and correct description of physical events in different inertial frames of reference without making special assumptions about the nature of matter or radiation, or how they interact. Virtually no one understood Einstein’s argument. He also said that there are two ways of looking at life: (1) Nothing is a miracle, or (2) Everything is a miracle.
Leó Szilárd (1898 – 1964) was a Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and worked on the Manhattan Project, but he was clearly against the atomic bomb. He was born in Budapest and died in La Jolla, California.
János Bolyai(1802 to 1860) Between 1820 and 1823 Bolyai prepared a treatise on a complete system of non-Euclidean geometry. Hungarian mathematician who was the son of Farkas Bolyai. When Bolyai began puzzling over Euclid's fifth postulate, his father wrote him "For God's Sake, I beseech you, give it up. Fear it no less than sensual passions because it, too, may take all your time, deprive you of your health, peace of mind, and happiness in life" (Boyer 1968, p. 587). Janos did not heed his father, however, and his work, which paralleled that of Lobachevsky, was published by his father. However, Bolyai's lack of recognition and the publishing of Lobachevsky's work led him to publish nothing more.
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856), was a Russian mathematician. Lobachevsky's main achievement is the development (independently from János Bolyai) of non-Euclidean geometry. Before him, mathematicians were trying to deduce Euclid's fifth postulate from other axioms. Lobachevsky would instead develop a geometry in which the fifth postulate was not true. This idea was first reported on February 23 1826 to the session of the department of physics and mathematics, and this research was printed in the Bulletin of Kazan University in 1829–1830. The recognition of his ideas by the mathematical community was quite slow. They were fully accepted only several decades after Lobachevsky's death. In the 1950s, humorist, satirist, and mathematician Tom Lehrer wrote a song, inspired by a Danny Kaye routine about Stanislavsky, in which he credited Lobachevsky with teaching him the secret of success as a mathematician: plagiarism ("But remember always to call it please, 'research'.") Lehrer has noted that he chose Lobachevsky mainly because his name was reminiscent of Stanislavsky's, and not because Lobachevsky is particularly known for this misdemeanor. In Poul Anderson's novella "Operation Changeling" (F&SF, 1969; Operation Chaos, 1971), a group of sorcerers navigate a non-Euclidean universe with the assistance of the ghosts of Lobachevsky and Bolyai. (The novella also makes a reference to Lehrer's song.)

Glossary:
Ray of Creation:The Ray of Creation is a representation of the Universe which takes account of scale. It provides a framework for the study of esoteric cosmology and psychology. It has the form of an octave, each note of which signifies a particular level of World: The diagram known as “the Ray of Creation” provides one of the conceptual keys to approaching this interconnection between humanity and the universal order, and as such invites repeated study from a variety of angles and stages of understanding. Note World Do Absolute Si All Galaxies La Milky Way Sol Sun Fa Planets Mi Earth Re Moon The names refer to our own ray, the ray which passes through our planet. Visualising the whole of Creation as a tree, this will be one branch, with the Moon as its growing tip. We can discern two kinds of relation between each world and the world above it in the Ray of Creation: one is a satellite relation (as the Moon is a satellite of the Earth, and the Planets of the Sun); the other is an inclusion relation (as the Earth is included in the Planetary world, the Sun is included in the Milky Way, the Milky Way is included in All Galaxies). The relation of All Galaxies to the Absolute is less clear, because we cannot really visualise the Absolute. Indeed, we must remember that our visualisations of all these Worlds are only very partial projections. We do not even see the Earth as it sees itself. We usually visualise the Planetary world as a small collection of spherical bodies in orbit around the Sun, but we have very little conception of its objective cosmic nature. (For instance, in a higher dimension of time, the orbits themselves would become solid bodies, spiraling around a moving Sun. And it is difficult to imagine the nature of the electromagnetic interactions on this level.) Perhaps the distinction between satellite and inclusion relationships is merely an artefact of our limited intelligence, and would dissolve with the application of correct scale. As in any octave, two intervals need to be filled. That between Do and Si is filled by the Will of the Absolute. For the interval between Fa and Mi, a special mechanism exists, which encompasses all that we know as Organic Life on Earth. This is the Lateral Octave. It begins at the level of the Sun, Sol in the Great Octave, which sounds as Do in the Lateral Octave: Great Octave Lateral Octave Sol Do Fa Si ** La-Sol-Fa Mi Mi Re Re Thus Organic Life begins in the Sun; after passing through Si (on the level of the Planets and the Earth's atmosphere), it reaches the Earth in the notes La-Sol-Fa, which represent the thin film of organic life on the Earth's surface (mankind, fauna and flora). Passing into the Earth at Mi, it finally goes to the Moon at Re: some elementary life-substance travels to and nourishes the Moon. Thus Organic Life as a whole acts as a transmitter station for cosmic influences. The fundamental property of the new language is that all ideas in it are concentrated round one idea, that is, they are taken in their mutual relationship from the point of view of one idea. This idea is the idea of evolution. Of course, not evolution in the sense of mechanical evolution, because such an evolution does not exist, but in the sense of a conscious and volitional evolution, which alone is possible. G.I.Gurdjieff The Ray of Creation is in us as well as outside us, and as well as a cosmological significance it has a psychological significance. We have in us levels of being ranging from False Personality to the potential Real I. Consciousness itself can be on very different levels, and can encompass different dimensions of time, corresponding to the levels of Worlds in the Ray of Creation. It is impossible to study a system of the universe without studying man. At the same time it is impossible to study man without studying the universe. Man is an image of the world. He was created by the same laws which created the whole of the world. By knowing and understanding himself he will know and understand the whole world, all the laws that create and govern the world. And at the same time by studying the world and the laws that govern the world he will learn and understand the laws that govern him. In this connection some laws are understood and assimilated more easily by studying the objective world, while man can only understand other laws by studying himself. The study of the world and the study of man must therefore run parallel, one helping the other.
channeling:An example would be "Talking with Angels" by Gitta Malasz
atom:The basic unit of ordinary matter made up of a nucleas(consisting of protans and nutrans) souranded by orbiting electrons.
Carbon: is found in many different compounds. It is in the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the cosmetics you use and the gasoline that fuels your car. Carbon is the sixth most common element in the universe. In addition, carbon is a very special element because it plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life.
Oxygen: is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. Oxygen is the second most common element on Earth composing around 46% of the mass of Earth's crust and 28% of the mass of Earth as a whole, and is the third most common element in the universe. On Earth, it is usually covalently or ionically bonded to other elements. Unbound oxygen (usually called molecular dioxygen, O2, a diatomic molecule) first appeared in significant quantities on Earth during the Paleoproterozoic era (between 2.5 billion years ago and 1.6 billion years ago) as a product of the metabolic action of early anaerobes (archaea and bacteria). According to most experts, this new presence of large amounts of free oxygen drove most of the organisms then living to extinction.
Nitrogen: is a chemical element in the periodic table which has the symbol N and atomic number 7. Commonly a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78.08% percent of Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living tissues. Nitrogen forms many important compounds such as amino acids, ammonia, nitric acid, and cyanides.
Hydrogen: (Latin: hydrogenium, from Ancient Greek: hydro: "water" and genes: "forming") is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol H and atomic number 1. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, univalent, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas. Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It is present in water, nearly all organic compounds and in all living organisms. Hydrogen is able to react chemically with most other elements. Stars in their main sequence are overwhelmingly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. The element is currently used primarily in fossil fuel upgrading.

Additional Notes: The Youngstown Vindicator, October 15, 2000 (reprinted with permission) We take measurements for granted. One foot is equal to 12 inches; one meter is equal to 39.37 inches. We know we can measure any distances a variety of ways: from our house to the mall is equal to 5 miles, or it could also be equal to 316,800 inches, 8046.702 meters, or 1.6667 leagues. The history of determining standards for weights and measurements is a long and fascinating one, just as interesting as the history of measuring time. Today, however, I'd like to take distance measurement to the stars. The average distance between the Earth and the sun, we know, is 93,000,000 miles. This figure is also called an astronomical unit, and is used as the base unit for measurements within the solar system. Earth is 1 a.u. from the sun. Pluto, in its highly elliptical orbit, averages about 40 a.u. from the sun. The orbits of the most of the planets are nearly circular, so an average distance is a fairly accurate way of describing how far way from the sun they are at any give time. Pluto's orbit is a stretched-out circle, and its distance changes rather dramatically from one point in its orbit to the next. If you're interested in figuring out Pluto's average distance from the sun, it's 93 million times 40, or 3,720,000,000 miles. But just how do we know that the average distance from the Earth to the sun is 93 million miles? No one took a really long yard stick and actually measured the distance, so just how did astronomers arrive at this figure? The answer takes us back in time and to the study of geometry. Before early astronomers could figure out how far away the sun was from Earth, they had to have a base unit of measurement to use as a comparison. The only really measurable object they had to work with was the Earth itself. Again, no one had a really long tape measure to run around the Earth and measure its size, so early Greek mathematicians and astronomers used a relatively new method in their determinations: geometry. The Greek astronomer Eratosthenes was the first person we know of to arrive at a close estimate of the radius of the Earth, and he used straight lines and angles to figure it out. In about the year 200 B.C., Eratosthenes noticed that on the date of the summer solstice the sun seemed to be directly overhead at Aswan, a city in Egypt. Light from the sun reached the bottom of a deep well on that day, a circumstance that was possible only if the sun's rays were arriving head-on. Happily, Aswan is located at about 24 degrees north latitude. The Earth is tilted 23 and a half degrees with respect to the sun, so on the date of the solstice the sun's rays are indeed arriving head-on in this area - making right angles with respect to the ground. In Alexandria, about 500 miles away, the sun's rays weren't striking the Earth head-on. Instead, at noon, light was casting shadows of about 7 degrees. Now that Eratosthenes had the length of one line and two of the angles - 7 degrees and 90 degrees - he could use simple geometry to figure out the length of the other two lines. The line he was interested in was the one from the center of the Earth to the surface - its radius -. From this he could determine its circumference. The figure he determined for the radius was 3,750 miles. The actual value, as close as modern science can get it, is 3,960 miles. This allowed Eratosthenes to reach a figure for the circumference of Earth: about 25,000 miles. The actual figure, measured at the equator, is 24,902 miles. Next we have the Greek astronomer Aristarchus, who went to work on figuring out the distance from Earth to the moon. Again using degrees and angles, Aristarchus saw that the angular size of the sun and the moon was about the same, about one half a degree. This coincidence that allows the moon to nearly completely cover the face of the sun during a solar eclipse. During lunar eclipses, Aristarchus saw that the shadow Earth casts on the moon was much larger than the moon itself, and estimated that our satellite is only three-eighths as large as our planet. Using geometry, he reached the conclusion that the moon was one-fourth the size of Earth and that the distance from the Earth to the moon was about 60 times the radius of the Earth. Doing the math, this comes very close to today's value of about 240,000 miles. Ah - now ancient astronomers had a "yardstick" to measure distances in the solar system: the distance between the Earth and the moon. To reach a figure for the distance between the Earth and the sun, Aristarchus used geometry again and this time the fact that the length of time between the new moon and the first quarter moon is just a tad shorter than the length of time between full moon and the last quarter. Using the time difference and what this does to the angles in triangles created by the Earth, moon, and sun, Aristarchus figured that the distance from the Earth to the sun was 1,260 Earth radii. Unfortunately for him, good methods of keeping track of time had not yet been invented, so he guessed that the difference in time in the moon phases was 12 hours; today we know that it is just a half hour. Aristarchus determined that the sun was 4.7 million miles away; today's better number is 93 million miles.
Move this to Kierkegaard Why has Kierkegaard's morality is in incognito?
"Probably because he knows that his manner of existing (morality) can not be expressed in terms of the world" He see that in our world meaning have to be desquised as irony or as literature, or as both in one big Tragedy. He says you need to decide
nervana/Satory/vasnara/Christ Consciousness/Liberation
Karl Popper?
(5-6-06) Discussion on chapter 5 regarding The moon as the end of creatin and it could evolve like Earth. Also that the earth could become a Sun. These are completely against current scientifc thought, but when Needleman was confronted with this question he said. "The moon is alive and science will find oxygen there! The law of three was qouted regarding my question.(6-11-06)

Daksina Merki