Exceptions

General Exception

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    try
    {
        throw "Some error" ;
    }
    catch ( int& e1 )
    {
        cout << "Integer Exception"   << endl ;
    }
    catch( ...  )
    {
        cout << "Default Handler."   << endl ;
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

$ g++ except5.cpp ; ./a.exe

Default Handler.


The notation
catch( ...  )

means the catch can handle any type. We can also catch other
specific exceptions as shown in the code at the same time.
This may be useful if we are calling other functions that
may throw some exception but we are not sure of the type.
It also serves as a fallback mechanism to ensure that an exception does
not escape the code.

The "catch( ... )" must be the last handler if there are multiple
catch statements. We cannot obtain any information from this handler
as the object being thrown is not known at the handler.